Hobbes and Rousseau's Depiction of the state of nature and human Essay

Hobbes and Rousseaus portrait of the state of nature and human nature - Essay ExampleThe state ought to protect the lives of its citizens. The people who elect them into power should not live in fear of their lives. They should enjoy peace and stability.With these, the law of conservation of exploit Hobbes tries to tell us that human beings are constantly looking for something in life. Life itself is but Motion, and stool never be without Desire (129-130). What he is saying is that human beings are never satisfied they continuously want more and more each moment ( Rousseau and.Their search for felicity is what causes human beings to be at war with each other. When death becomes a fear, there is creation of the state. Furthermore, Hobbes argues that human beings are equal in respect to the nature. They have equal skills and power.Moreover, according to Hobbes, human beings are by nature made equal, in a sense that the humans possess are equal in terms of skills and power. The we akest has energy enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination or confederacy with others (Hobbes and capital of Montana 183). match to Hobbes theory morality has no room because, in a state of nature there are no unjust acts. He goes ahead to say that human beings rational behavior causes them to attack others and pose them obey the law of nature only when surrounded by others and sure that they are obeying the law too. By this he means that human beings are self-centered in nature and fear is what makes them to reason (Hobbes and Helena 5)In Rousseaus state of nature, human beings are like savages, their dealings are first chase by instant and basic requirements food, sexual satisfaction, and sleep and fear only hunger and pain. The force of self-preservation and benevolence drives the savage man. To him human beings are naturally affected by others human beings sufferance, in other lyric they have an innate repugnance a fellow creature suffers

Fundamentals of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Fundamentals of Finance - Essay ExampleTherefore, it understructure be said that M&S possesses a sound fundamental financial position.In orderliness to analyse the efficiency of a bon ton, it is necessary to quantify its financial performance. Not just the investors, but new(prenominal) stakeholders like suppliers, credit providers and banks also consider the financial performance of the company as a literary argument of its efficiency. Such analysis is often d wizard in two stages. Initially, the performance of the company is analysed for the past hardly a(prenominal) years (atleast five or more than years). Historical data reflects the past trend and fundamentals of the company. However, one should not rely only on historical performance rather the performance of the company in the last financial year should also be taken into consideration. Tools like ratio analysis should be used to make the process more transparent and holistic. Moreover, the performance of the company sh ould be compared against the industry to arrest at a more authentic conclusion.In the given project, financial performance of Marks and Spencer forget be analysed by taking into consideration its last five years performance. Later on, essential ratios go away be analysed and compared against the industry benchmark to have a more comprehensive understanding.Marks and Spencer is one of the track retailers in UK. Data published by the company reveals that in a single week more than 21 million customers visit its stores. The company is engaged in selling high quality garb and home products along with quality food. The supplier base of the company comprises more than 2,000 suppliers from different parts of the world. about 76, 000 people are employed by UK and other stores located in 41 overseas territories.The company was founded by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in the year 1884 for selling specifically British products. However, with time, the company had to relent this polic y to gain competitive edge in

Data Mining for Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Mining for Auditing - Essay Example in time, with increase use of selective informationbases, comes a new ch solelyenge how to make sense of the abundant data Auditors are overwhelmed with enormous collection of data. Omnipresent personal computers, low cost multi-gigabyte disks, ubiquitous electronics and new generation database languages have do it real simple for companies to capture data and save it without any worries of loss of space, time or calculate power. This benefit of databases to companies is also the bane to auditors. However, the effective utilisation of one robust engine room will impart sense to the chaos generated by databases Data Mining.Data Mining aims at converting data to sensible information. It intends to take away information from the data repositories in a manner as needed by the auditor. The auditors, with the help of data mining techniques can mine for the relevant information needed to perform their assessment without having to bother about the digressive data.This report aims at analysing the benefits brought about by applying data mining technologies to auditing. As a part of the cultivate of analysing the benefits, the paper also presents the technological overview of data mining, the problem faced by auditors and the tools and techniques data mining provides to ameliorate the problems. Auditing An Introduction to the Problem DomainAuditing is commonly defined as the process of accumulating and analysing information to detect the point of conformance of the information with the pre-set criteria (Arens & Loebbecke, 2000). During its inception, auditing was an activity performed only to check financial compliance with the goals set. However today, it is an activity that is carried stringently across all the domains of an enterprise. Auditing involves analysing the information from all departments including manufacturing, operations, human resource, finance and other verticals. Generally, companies hire independe nt auditors from distant the company to ascertain whether the statements of the company are in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). However auditing is facing very tough challenges. The demise of major companies such as Enron and Anderson are live examples to delimit the depth of negative impact that can be brought about by improper auditing. The complexity of condescension transactions coupled with investors complex business practises to gain more profits makes the job of an auditor very challenging (Vijayalakshmi, 2003). To ensure that an objective assessment is reached, an auditor must be presented with data at all levels. The company creates huge databases of statements, records and other data that an auditor is expected to analyse. However due to timing and cost constraints, auditors can not examine every detail behind the stacks of records. With massive improvements in technology such as the development of Supply Chain Management Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning applications, the substance of business transactions performed everyday has grown exponentially. Since, in most cases, a company hires an

Managing Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Operations - Essay ExampleThe paper will accordingly analyze the production strategy the music directors should choose based on the total monetary value minimization aim as well as summarizing the learning about the aggregate plan to be shargond with the cede image partners. Production strategy based on the Total Cost Minimization The total court minimization normally occurs at appoint when the marginal court (MC) curve cuts the average total cost (ATC) curve at its minimum point. This therefore means that, at the minimum point, marginal cost (MC) should be equals to the Average Cost (AC). In most cases, the decisiveness problems are usually molded as creation a cost-minimization problem, and therefore, in every network, models usually have a minimization objective. The reasoning behind this is that, in particular, the decision situations never influences the income, hence minimizing costs will increase the opportunities of maximizing the profit (Shim & Siegel, 200 2). The production manager should choose on pricing-based as a production strategy to help in making decision based on the total cost minimization. When managers use determine-based strategy, the products are usually planned according to undetermined pricing, value-based pricing as well as target-return pricing. All these are set in such a way that the new product in the market has a competitive advantage everyplace opposite similar products. Therefore, when there is no overtime for employees, managers have to make sure that the time spent by those employees is compensated for as opposed to when they work on normal hours (Media, 2010). Aggregate Plan The aggregate forecasts of the storage cooler loads for several flavors should be shared to various supply chain partners. The forecast contains the intended ice chest load production every month from whitethorn through September. The companys production depicted object every month is also very important information for the suppl iers. The companys maximum tank loads production in a particular month is 60 tank loads, in May the forecast is 50 tank loads, in June it is 60, in July 70, in August 90, September 80 and lastly October 70.There are several months where the forecasted production in a month exceeds the companys ability these are the months of July, August September and October. Therefore this information on the pleonastic tank loads that the company call for is very crucial supply chain partners. This is because from the information they will get to know of any extra tank loads that the company might require in a particular month and therefore their go might be required. This will give them a chance to offer the company their services in terms of producing the extra tank loads that they have forecasted and yet they are not in a position as a company to produce (Shim & Siegel, 2002). The other Very important information that the supply chains need is the amount of money that is set aside by the com pany as cost of subcontracting as well as overtime production by various supply chains. Subcontracting and over production by the suppliers who are available is $1600 and $1800 per tank load. Therefore with this information any supply chain that intends to supply the extra trainloads can be in a position to set a price for their tank loads. They will ensure that they come up with prices that will give them a chance to be chosen as the preferred supplier for the extra tank loads. They also need to know the cost of holding tank loads in a month as well as backordering if do by the company. This will help them make a

Malignancy (Cellular Pathology) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Malignancy (Cellular Pathology) - Case discipline ExampleIn addition, unlike the cancerous squamous cells which appear abnormal and distorted, normal squamous cells look smooth and regular. Deeper synopsis focusing on the nucleus would have provided information that identifies and distinguishes normal from cancerous fat wind.The malignant fatty tissue have large nucleus with irregular shape and size. In addition, the nucleoli are prominent the cytoplasm is scarce and deeply colored or, on the opposite, is pale. The nucleus of malignant adipose tissue plays, through its alterations, a big role in the evaluation of malignancy. Changes are associated with the surface, structure and homogeneity, the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, volume, as considerably as shape and density. Ultra-structural features are associated with changes in chromatin (e.g. reduction in heterochromatin and add of perichromatin and interchromatin granules, formation of inclusions, and increase of nuclear membrane p ores), invaginations, and nucleus segmentation.The nucleus is characterized by its movement towards the membrane, hypertrophy, numerical increase, development of intranuclear and canalicular systems surrounded by the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane, and macro and micro-segregation. Mitoses are also a regular feature of malignant adipose tissue. Mitoses numerically increase, atypical mitosis forms with defects in the mitotic spindle develop, which produces dissymmetrical structures, triple or quadruple asters, and atypical forms of chromosomes. Nuclear changes give up genetic defects associated with these changes, and also explain the presence of different squamous cell clones. In malignant adipose tissue that are severely anaplastic, the presence of large nuclei and multinucleate squamous cells shows abnormal divisions (Hermans 2006, pg. 27). The morphological features discussed here symbolize the changes adventure at metabolic level, with the augmentation of structures in reg ards to the

What does it mean to say a school is doing well Essay

What does it mean to say a school is doing well - Essay causaThe aw beness and importance of laws and regulations to be followed can exactly be developed in the early scholarship phases hence, it is unjustified to ignore these important areas in the core policy making of reproductional systems (Eisner 2001). The systematisation of education system is the concept, which according to the research and my personal opinion, forms the basis of a powerful and knowledgeable future generation. The rationalization progression mainly foc parts on the consequences of any educational activity. The future or goal oriented approach path to education is manifestly a move towards a better learning environment and future outcomes. The use of the standard educational system cannot be classified as completely irrelevant to the future victimisation or useless but the rationalized system obviously tends to be more than fruitful. The goal oriented approach to education leads to a better system wh ere education is seen as a ways of achieving goals. The schools need to be provided with clear understanding of what is expected of them rather than what is expected of the students in the future. The clear indication of the outcomes of the system, policies and instructions simply direct a person, an institution or a system towards a known goal. The achievement of those goals excessively motivates the people involved and help in maintaining the pace of achievements in the future. The rationalization approach is not a generalized assumption of achieving goals, but it rather provides a target-setting approach which helps in the measurement of the outcomes achieved (Eisner 2006). The targets in the educational system need to be realistic and measurable. However, the...Nowadays, the educational systems are criticized for the lack of coherency, completeness and measurability of the outcomes. This paper aims to substantiate a reform in terms of educational systems and supports the ratio nalization of educational system to increase the credibleness of the learnt concepts and their practical advantages being enjoyed by the larger society. It would revolve around the basic concepts that a school truly requires so that it can be said that it is going well (Eisner 2001 Karen 2006). The educational systems are basically aimed at providing conceptual and theoretical knowledge to the students. These students are hence, equipped with theories, knowledge and power to use that knowledge. But this only what we expect of the educational environments and systems. The reality, however, is sometimes different. The lack of supervision on the students and the educational institutes give rise to newer and more complex problems. The students are often found to be guilty of breaking the rules of the school like rules on plagiarism, attendance, assignment submission, copying, bribery and so on. Those these appear to be a few general issues yet the implications of these issues are deva stating. The recommendations of standardized testing and rationality should be analyzed as they do not form a part of the performance of school.

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate governance - Essay ExampleThe fiber of independent directors and non decision maker directors become profound as they are intended to serve as deterrent in the misuse and abuse of top executive by the vested interests, especially the senior management of the company. The paper would be broadly rationalizing the role of independent non executive directors within the broader parameter of corporate governance. Corporate governance is based on publicly acceptable set and code of behaviour for the higher echelons of corporate bodies (Haller & Shore, 2005). It can primarily be described as a set of well defined policies, rules and regulations and customs that effectively control the various internal and external processes of the avocation enterprises. They are, thus intended to create an environment that improves productivity, economic efficiency and protects the interests of various stakeholders through ethically delivered goals (Solomon, 2007 Mueller, 1996). Since the s teady-going corporate governance is dependent on effective policies and laws, the role of CEO and board of directors becomes crucial agent for their efficient implementation. In the various modalities and process that are incorporated within good corporate governance, the role of independent non executive directors in the companys board has increasingly become key chemical element of the success of the company. The recent cases of abuse of shareholders rights in the various countries have brought the role of corporate governance into the prominence. The change magnitude risks to the interests of the various stakeholders have necessitated stringent code of conduct for the higher hierarchy of management. Chief Executive of the steadfast and board of directors, therefore become intrinsic part of corporate governance. They are endowed with the primarily function for good codes of corporate governance and best practices within the organization that promote accountability. Boritz, (19 90) has defined risks as thinkable loss due to uncertainty and exposure of the firm from inappropriate investment decision or a commitment. Thus, risks and need for more effective transparency within the system become vital postulates of CG whose implementation is overseen and point under the strict vigilance of independent non executive directors. Independent non executive directors in the board rear the firm with independent, objective and creative inputs on the various processes and modalities of business operations. As they are basically from outdoors the organization, they are observed to be equipped with unbiased approach to the issues and factors that could have long lasting refer on the performance outcome of the company. Cadbury report (1992, p33) explicitly states that they bring in independent judgment within the board. Their presence on board therefore is designed to discourage the vested interests against financial malpractices and fraud. This is one of the most c ardinal criteria that reiterated the importance of inclusion of independent non executive directors on the boards of the companies. UK has been a leader in setting up a Combined Code of Corporate Governance. UK boasts of a highly developed business environment with a vast shareholders base. The various financial institutions, big corporate houses, institutional investors and individuals with